Contents (short)

Contents

Expand contents

The Main Window

The CDS/ISIS Menus

The database window

The data entry window

The expert Search Window

The Guided Search Window

The Dictionary Window

Dialog Boxes

Open Dialog box

Search History dialog box

Import Dialog box

Export Dialog box

Inverted File Maintenance Dialog box

Global Add Dialog box

Global Delete Dialog box

Print Dialog Box

The CDS/ISIS Search Language

New SYSPAR.PAR parameters


Contents (full)

Contents

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The Main Window

The CDS/ISIS Menus

Data Base menu

Browse menu

Search menu

Edit menu

Configure menu

Utilities menu

Windows menu

Help menu

The database window

The data entry window

Editing a field

Adding a field

Deleting a field

Guidelines for field editing

Subfielded fields

Repeatable fields

Field validation

Updating the Inverted file

The expert Search Window

Operators

Search expression

Search history

The Guided Search Window

The Dictionary Window

Dialog Boxes

Open Dialog box

Search History dialog box

Import Dialog box

Export Dialog box

Inverted File Maintenance Dialog box

Global Add Dialog box

Global Delete Dialog box

Print Dialog Box

General

Presentation

Margins

Layout

Sorting

The CDS/ISIS Search Language

Introduction

Search expressions

Types of search term

Precise terms

Right-trucated terms

Any terms

Search operators

Logical OR

Logical AND

Field level and proximity operators

Logical NOT

Syntax of Search expressions

Operand qualifier

Developing a search strategy

New SYSPAR.PAR parameters


Main Window
The Main Window

This window is displayed each time CDS/ISIS is started. It is normally empty, as shown below, unless a default data base is selected through parameter 6 of the syspar.par file. In this case the data base window of the default data base is also automatically opened.

⇒	Click on any item of the menu bar in the window shown above for more information on each option.

The main components of this window are:

•	the window title bar, at the top of the window;

•	the menu bar, which provides access to all the CDS/ISIS functions (some of these functions may also be activated by clicking on the various buttons of the tool bar);

•	the tool bar, located just under the menu, which provides a quick mouse access to the most frequently used functions of CDS/ISIS, such as opening a data base, searching or printing (see data base window);

•	the status bar,at the bottom of the window, which is normally used to display help messages. The status bar may be disabled by setting the appropriate option in syspar.par.


Database menu

This menu contains the following options:

⇒	Click on any item of the menu bar shown above for more information on each option.

The bottom part of the menu normally contains the list of the most recently opened data bases. You may open any one of them by simply clicking on the corresponding entry.

Open

There are three ways you may open a data base:

1.	the first is by selecting one of the five most recently opened data bases from the list shown at the bottom of this menu;

2.	the second is by selecting this option;

3.	the third is by clicking on the open data base button on the toolbar:

In the last two cases CDS/ISIS will display the open dialog box.

After opening a data base the corresponding data base window is displayed.

Close

This option closes the currently selected data base. All associated windows, such as a search window, will also be automatically closed.

Close all

This option closes all the currently open data bases.

Import

This option allows you to import data from external files recorded according to the ISO-2709 standard format for information interchange. When you select this otion CDS/ISIS will first display an Open Dialog Box, where you select the file to be imported, and then the Import Dialog Box which contains the various parameters you must also supply.

Export

This option allows you to extract a data base or a portion thereof normally for transmitting it to other users. You may also use this option to perform some reformatting of the records of a data base and then use the import function to store the reformatted data into the original or a different data base. When you select this option CDS/ISIS will first display an Open Dialog Box, where you select the output file, and then the Export Dialog Box which contains the various parameters you must also supply.

I/F Update

This option allows you to perform various maintenance operations on the Inverted file of the selected data base. When you select this option CDS/ISIS displays the Inverted File Maintenance Dialog Box which contains the various parameters you must also supply.

Print

This option allow you to print the output of a given query and/or to print a selected range of records. You may sort the records by virtually any combination of fields and subfields.The field(s) by which the records are sorted may be used as headings in printing. When you select this option CDS/ISIS displays the Print Dialog Box where you will be asked to provide the specific sorting and page layout parameters you require for that particular print run.

Exit

This option terminates CDS/ISIS. All open data bases will automatically be closed.


Browse menu

This menu contains the options shown below, which affect the contents of the data base window and the data entry window.

⇒	Click on any item of the menu bar shown above for more information on each option.

Data base

Sets the data base in browse mode. In this mode the whole data base may be browsed or edited independently from any search performed.

Search results

Sets the data base in display search mode. In this mode only the records retrieved by the selected search are displayed. When you choose this option, CDS/ISIS displays the list of searches performed so far, from which you may select the one desired.

You may also use this option to simply view the list of searches submitted so far.

All records

This option is only active when you are displaying or editing search results. It allows you to view all the records retrieved, independently from their marked status. The mark box will continue to show the marked records, if any.

Marked records

This option is only active when you are displaying search results. It allows you to view or edit only the records marked.

Selecting options from this menu will modify the behaviour of the navigation buttons in the data base window and the data entry window as follows:


Search menu

This menu contains the following options:

⇒	Click on any item of the menu bar shown above for more information on each option.

Expert search

This option opens the standard search window, which allows you to search the data base. A simpler to use search method is provided by the selecting the Guided Search option below.

Guided Search

This option opens the guided search window, which provides a simplified search interface. Expert users may prefer to use the Expert Search option above.

Close Search Window

This option closes the search window, if any, and activates the data base window.

Save search

This option allows to save the results of a particular search for later processing. When you select this option CDS/ISIS will first display the search history history window, from wich you select the search to be saved, and then an open dialog box, where yo can provide the name of the save file.

Recall saved search

This option allows you to recall a previously saved search (i.e. a search you have saved by means of the Save search option described above). CDS/ISIS will display an open dialog box, where you can select the save file to be recalled. The search corresponding to the recalled save file is then automatically added to the list of current searches and the data base window will display the first record retrieved. The recalled search becomes therefore the current search.


Edit menu

This menu contains the following options:

⇒	Click on any item of the menu bar shown above for more information on each option.

Data entry

This option opens the data entry window, which allows you to modify data base records.

Delete record

While in data entry mode, this option deletes the current record (i.e. the record currently displayed in the data entry window).

Copy to clipboard

This option copies the current record to the Windows Clipboard. It is only operational when the data base window is active. The record is copied in either ASCII or RTF format depending on the currently selected option on the tool bar:

Record is copied in ASCII format

Record is copied in RTF format

Clear clipboard

This option clears the Windows Clipboard.

Data base definition

This option allows you to modify (or view) the data base definition files.


Configure menu

This menu contains the following options:

⇒	Click on any item of the menu bar shown above for more information on each option.

Change Language

This option allows you to change the language in which menus, windows, prompts and system messages will be displayed. Initially CDS/ISIS will start in the language selected as your default language in the syspar.par file. When you select this option a list of available languages is displayed from which you can select the one desired. Once selected, a language remains in effect until you change it again. Note, however, that any window open before you change the dialogue language, will remain in the language it was when it was initially opened.

Change Profile

This option allows you to dynamically change certain system parameters.

View Configuration

This option displays the current parameter settings.


Utilities menu

This menu contains the following options:

⇒	Click on any item of the menu bar shown above for more information on each option.

Global Add (Range)

This option allows you to add a field with a specified contents to a range of Master file records. CDS/ISIS will display the Global Add Dialog box.

Global Delete (Range)

This option allows you to delete a field from a range of Master file records. CDS/ISIS will display the Global Delete Dialog Box.

Global Add (Search)

This option allows you to add a field with a specified contents to all the records retrieved by a given search. CDS/ISIS will first display the search history window from which you select the one desired, then it will display the Global Add Dialog box.

Global Delete (Search)

This option allows you to delete a field from all the records retrieved by a given search. CDS/ISIS will first display the search history window from which you select the one desired, then it will display the Global Delete Dialog Box.

Compile ISIS/Pascal Programs

This option allows you to compile a CDS/ISIS Pascal program. CDS/ISIS will first display an open dialog box, where you select the program to be compiled.


Windows menu

This menu contains the following options:

⇒	Click on any item of the menu bar shown above for more information on each option.

Cascade

Arranges windows so that they overlap, starting in the upper-left corner of the main CDS/ISIS window. The title bar of each window remains visible, making it easy to select any window.

Tile

Arranges the windows side by side, so that each window is visible and no windows overlap.

Arrange items

Arranges all icons in rows.

1, 2, 3, . . .

Selects a particular window of a currently open data base.


Help menu

This menu allows you to display the CDS/ISIS Help file and contains the following options:

⇒	Click on any item of the menu bar shown above for more information on each option.

Contents

This option displays the CDS/ISIS Help table of contents.

Keyword search

This option allows you to select a particular help topic.

Using Help

This option assists you in using the Windows Help facility.

About

This option displays the CDS/ISIS Copyright notice and the version number.


Data base window
The Database Window

The data base window, a sample of which is shown below, is displayed when you open a data base. It displays the current record according to the currently selected display format.

⇒	Click on any area or button in the window displayed above to view detailed information on the corresponding contents and/or action it may cause. Press CTRL+TAB to view which parts of the screen are enabled for this purpose.

The contents of this window may be modified by selecting applicable options in the Browse menu.


Data entry window
The data entry window

This window is displayed whenever you select the Data Entry option of the Edit menu.

⇒	Click on any area or button in the window displayed above to view detailed information on the corresponding contents and/or action it may cause. Press CTRL+TAB to view which parts of the screen are enabled for this purpose.

When initially opened, this window displays the current record (i.e. the one which is currently displayed in the corresponding data base window). Its contents, however, may be modified by selecting applicable options in the Browse menu.

The fields of the record are displayed in the lower part of the window according to the current (or default) data entry worksheet.

Editing a field

To edit a particular field you must first click on the corresponding field button. Its contents will then be brought up in the field edit box. In editing a field you may use all standard Windows edit function keys (such as CTRL+X for cut, CTRL+C for copy, CTRL+V for paste, etc.) and, in addition, the three following special keys:

Enter	update the field and select the next field.

F2	delete field

ESC	ignore all changes (field will redisplay as it was before the edit started).

You may change the size of this box by dragging up or down the bar at the bottom of the box. You may also change the font used to display the field by clicking on the A button of the tool bar.

Inserting dictionary terms in a field

You may insert dictionary terms at the current current cursor position of the edit box by pressing the Dictionary button which will open the Dictionary Window.

Inserting file names in a field

You may rapidly insert filenames into fields. To do this first open the Windows File Manager,  then select the file(s) you want to insert in the current field and drag and drop them over the field edit box. In this way you may easily establish links between fields and external files such as pictures, movies, sounds, etc.

Adding a field

Select the field you want to add from the Add field list. Note that you may not add a second occurrence of a non-repeatable field. If one or more occurrences of a repeatable field already exist, a new occurrence will be added. Another way to add a new occurrence of a repeatable field is to click on the icon preceding the field name.

Deleting a field

First click on the field button, then press F2 or delete the contents of the field and press the Enter key.

Guidelines for field editing

Do not press Enter or type spaces at the end of each line: CDS/ISIS will automatically go to the next line, when required.

Subfielded fields

When you enter a field containing subfields you must key in the required subfield delimiters in front of each subfield. A subfield delimiter is a 2-character code preceding and identifying a variable length subfield within a field. It consists of the character ^ followed by an alphabetic or numeric character, e.g. ^a.

If the subfield code is alphabetic, you may enter it in either upper or lower case: CDS/ISIS makes no difference between ^a and ^A. You may therefore use the most convenient form.

Do not insert spaces or punctuation marks either before or after the subfield delimiter, unless you have been specifically instructed to do so. Entering spaces or punctuation may adversely affect the printing of the field later on.

Here is an example of a field with three subfields:

^aUnesco^bParis^c1985

Repeatable fields

If the field you are entering is repeatable and you need to enter more than one occurrence, enter each occurrence separately, and click on the repeatable field icon (preceding the field name) for each new occurrence to be added.

Field and record validation

CDS/ISIS validates each field you enter according to the field type defined in the FDT of the data base. For example It does not allow you to enter more than one occurrence of a non repeatable field, and it checks the validity of subfield identifiers.

In addition, you may attach a data entry validation file to each data base. This file, when present, must be in the data base directory and its name must be dbn.val (where dbn is the data base name).

The validation file is an ASCII file which you create using  a text editor (e.g. Notepad). It consists of one or more lines, each associated with a particular field, and may include a line for global record validation. The field validation lines have the following format:

tag: format

where tag is the field tag to be validated and format is a CDS/ISIS format. Each time a field is created and/or modified, CDS/ISIS will execute the corresponding validation format. Any output produceby the format is displayed as an error message.

The record validation line, which must always be the last line in the validation file, has the following format:

:format

This format is executed immediately before updating the current record. Any output produceby the format is displayed as an error message.

A sample validation file is given below:

10: &val10()

20: if size(v20)>7 then 'Field 20 may not be more than 7 characters long' fi

:if p(v20) and p(v10) then 'Field 10 and 20 are mutually exclusive' fi

The above validation file validates fields 10 and 20 and the whole record. For field 10 it calls format exit val10. If val10 returns an non empty string, then the returned string is displayed as an error message. For field 20 an error message is displayed if the field is longer than 7 bytes. Finally, an error message is displayed if both fields 10 and 20 are present in the record which is about to be updated.

If a field or record does not match the validation criteria, CDS/ISIS issues an error message and repositions the cursor at the beginning of the field. You must then make whatever corrections are required before proceeding to the next field.

Updating the Inverted file

You should be aware that CDS/ISIS does not automatically update the Inverted file whenever you add, modify or delete a Master file record. It is important to remember this because, until such time as the Inverted file is updated, the following situation will exist:

•	new records you have added are not available for retrieval;

•	records you have modified are retrievable, but under the old access points; and

•	records you have deleted will still be posted to their access points, although the records themselves are no longer displayed.

However, CDS/ISIS keeps in the Master file all the information required to update the Inverted file and you may therefore request an Inverted file update at any time by selecting the I/F Update option of the Data base menu. This operation may take some time depending on the number of records updated, the computer you are using and the average number of search terms generated for each record. After some experience with a given data base, you will be able to estimate fairly closely the time required to update a record, and if you find that it is acceptable we advise you to always update the Inverted file after each data entry session (or before exiting the program).

Alternatively, you may defer the updating of the Inverted file to a more convenient time (e.g. at the end of the day, of the week, etc.).


Search window
The Expert Search Window

See Also:	The CDS/ISIS Search Language
The Guided Search window

This window is displayed by selecting the Expert Search option in the Search menu.

⇒	Click on any area or button in the window displayed above to view detailed information on the corresponding contents and/or action it may cause. Press CTRL+TAB to view which parts of the screen are enabled for this purpose.

Operators

Pushing any of these buttons will insert the corresponding operator in the Search expression box.

Search expression

This edit box contains the current search expression. Experienced users may type the search expression directly in this box.

The following buttons operate on this box:

DICTIONARY	displays the Dictionary window.

ANY terms  	displays the list of ANY terms for the data base. Clicking on a term will insert it in the Search expression box.

SEARCH     	pressing this button executes the search expression

CLEAR       	pressing this button erases the search expression

CANCEL     	pressing this button returns to the data base window

HELP          	pressing this button displays the search help topic

Search history

This window contains a list of the search expressions which have been executed so far. For each expression it gives the set number, the data base name, the number of hits and the search expression. A new element is added to this list each time a search expression is executed.

Double clicking on an element of this list will display the corresponding results in the data base window.

A single click will normally insert the set number in the Search expression box.  However if the selected element corresponds to a search done on a different data base the search expression itself is copied. You may also copy a search expression (rather than the set number) to the Search expression box by dragging the element from the Search history list and dropping it in the Search expression box.


Guided search window
The Guided Search Window

See Also:	The CDS/ISIS Search Language
The Search window

This window provides a simplified search interface for inexperienced users. It is displayed by selecting the Guided Search option in the Search menu.

⇒	Click on any area or button in the window displayed above to view detailed information on the corresponding contents and/or action it may cause. Press CTRL+TAB to view which parts of the screen are enabled for this purpose.

Four text boxes (Search elements) are provided where you may type a search term. Each search element may be associated with a particular field by selecting the appropriate one from the corresponding Searchable fields list. Search elements may be linked with one of the three search operators AND, OR, or NOT, by selecting the appropriate one from the corresponding Operators list.

When one or more previous searches have been made, you may select one from the Previous search list and connect it with a new set of search elements.

To execute the search press the Search button. The actual text of the search statement generated by CDS/ISIS will then be displayed in the Search expression box. When the search is completed its number will be shown in the Search Number box and the total number of records retrieved in the Number of Hits box.

You may display the results of the search by pressing the Display button.

Pressing the Cancel button returns to the data base window without executing the search.

Pressing the Dictionary button displays the Dictionary window.


Dictionary window
The Dictionary Window

⇒	Click on any area or button in the window displayed above to view detailed information on the corresponding contents and/or action it may cause. Press CTRL+TAB to view which parts of the screen are enabled for this purpose.

This window displays the dictionary of search terms. It is displayed whenever you press the Dictionary button on the Expert Search Window, the Guided Search Window or the Data Entry Window.

Double clicking on a term will select it and, depending on the Window from which the Dictionary was called, insert it as follows:

Expert Search Window: the term will be inserted at the current cursor position in the Search expression box. Unless an operator has been previously selected an OR operator is automatically added if necessary;

Guided Search Window: the term will be inserted in the current Search element box;

Data Entry Window: the term will be inserted at the current cursor position in the Field Edit box.

Note that the same operation may also be performed by dragging the term to the corresponding window. Use the method you find most convenient.

The Searchable fields combo box (at the top of the window) allows you to select the field to be searched when you are in expert search mode.

Typing one or more characters in the Term box will position the dictionary window accordingly (e.g. typing F will show the dictionary terms starting with F).

The up and down buttons will page forward and backward. Note, however, that backward paging will go no further than the starting term.


Searchable fields

This combo box allows you to select the field to be searched when you are in expert search mode. Selecting a field will automatically append the corresponding term qualifier to search terms selected from the dictionary. Selecting <All fields> will search in any field.

When a field is selected, the Dictionary window is modified as follows, depending on the setting of parameter 104 in syspar.par.

104=0 (default)	the full dictionary is displayed but terms in other fields are displayed in lower case and are not selectable;

104=1	only the dictionary terms in the selected field are displayed.


The CDS/ISIS Search Language

Introduction

The search language of CDS/ISIS is based on Boolean algebra, which provides a convenient way of expressing logical operations between classes. Each search term associated with a given record, in fact, can be viewed as representing the class of all those records associated with that term. Thus by expressing logical operations between search terms you can define precisely the class of records to be retrieved in response to your needs.

The examples given here are not meant to show how to formulate specific queries, but simply to illustrate the capabilities of the CDS/ISIS search language. However, the search language alone is not sufficient to enable you to perform a search in a specific data base. The key to efficient and effective searching is a thorough knowledge of the search terms usable for a given data base. It is important, therefore, that you become familiar with the dictionary of search terms available for the data base you are querying and with the rules followed to index the records in that data base.

Search expressions

Types of search term

In formulating a search expression you may use three types of terms:

precise terms

right-truncated terms and

ANY terms

Precise terms

A precise term is any searchable element defined for a given data base, such as subject descriptors, key words, key phrases, words in titles, author names, etc. You must be familiar with the search terms available for each data base you intend searching.

When you use a precise search term you must specify it in exactly the same way it is known to CDS/ISIS. You should normally have a list of search terms at hand when you formulate your query (or use the dictionary frame in the search window, to display the available search terms).

Even minor variations in spelling will cause CDS/ISIS to reject it. Thus, for example, if the term known to CDS/ISIS is COLOR (American spelling), you may not use the English spelling COLOUR as this will be rejected.

An important point to be remembered is that if a search term contains parentheses or any one of the search operators (*  +  (G)  (F)   .    $   ^) or begins with a number sign (#) you must enclose it in double quotation marks (") in order to avoid a possible ambiguity. Thus if your search term is:

GERMANY (FEDERAL REPUBLIC)

you must enter it as follows:

"GERMANY (FEDERAL REPUBLIC)"

or else CDS/ISIS will issue a syntax error message.


Right-truncated search terms

Instead of specifying a precise search term, you may just give a root. This technique, referred to as root searching or right truncation, allows you to search on leading sequences of characters. CDS/ISIS will automatically perform a logical OR operation between all search terms having the specified root.

Right-truncation is indicated by placing a dollar sign ($) immediately after the last root character. Assume, for example, that your list of search terms contains the following set of terms:

FILE ORGANIZATION
FILM
FILM INDUSTRY
FILM LIBRARIES
FILM-MAKER
FILM-MAKING
FILM-MAKING TRAINING
FILMSTRIP
FILTRATION

Then FILM$ is equivalent to:

FILM
FILM INDUSTRY
FILM LIBRARIES
FILM-MAKER
FILM-MAKING
FILM-MAKING TRAINING
FILMSTRIP

whereas FILM-$ is equivalent to:

FILM-MAKER
FILM-MAKING
FILM-MAKING TRAINING

As for precise search terms, if your root contains parentheses, any one of the search operators, or begins with a number sign (#) you must enclose it in double quotation marks ("). For example, "FILM $" is equivalent to:

FILM
FILM INDUSTRY
FILM LIBRARIES

but FILM $ (without the surrounding double quotes) would produce an error message.


ANY Terms

An ANY term is a collective term standing for a pre-defined set of search terms. Whenever you use an ANY term in your search formulation, CDS/ISIS will automatically OR together all search terms associated with that ANY term.

An ANY term consists of the word ANY followed by a unique identifier, usually mnemonic, assigned to the associated set of terms. For example, the term ANY BENELUX COUNTRY could be used to retrieve records indexed with the individual name of any country in the Benelux group (Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg).

Before an ANY term can be used in a search formulation, its meaning must be defined by specifying the associated set of terms. Note that not all data bases need implement this facility. Therefore before attempting to use an ANY term you must ensure that it is indeed available for the data base you are querying and, if so, that the ANY term you intend to use is actually defined.


Search operators

You may combine two or more search terms in a search expression by using search operators which indicate the intended relationship between the terms.

Logical OR

Logical AND

Field level and proximity operators

Logical NOT


Logical OR (inclusive)

The logical OR is the class union operator. The result of a logical OR between two classes is the class obtained by merging the two classes, retaining common elements, if any, only once. Thus if A and B are two terms, representing the two classes of documents indexed with terms A and B respectively, the logical OR between these two classes is the class of documents indexed with term A or term B or both, as indicated schematically below:

The logical OR, therefore, is used to broaden the scope of the search and will, in general, increase the number of hits. The symbol used to indicate the logical OR operation is the plus sign (+).

Thus, for example, to retrieve documents about the Benelux countries one could use the logical OR operator as follows:

BELGIUM + NETHERLANDS + LUXEMBOURG

Note that the order in which the three countries are given is irrelevant.


Logical AND

The logical AND is the class intersection operator. The symbol used to indicate the logical AND operation is the asterisk (*). The result of a logical AND between two classes is the class containing only those elements which are common to both classes. Thus, if A and B are two terms, representing the two classes of documents indexed with terms A and B respectively, the logical AND between these two classes is the class of documents indexed simultaneously with both term A and term B, as indicated schematically below:

The logical AND, therefore, is used to narrow the scope of the search by requiring the co-occurrence of terms and will, in general, decrease the number of hits.

Thus, for example, to retrieve documents about 'on-line information retrieval systems' you might use the logical AND operator as follows:

ON-LINE SYSTEMS * INFORMATION RETRIEVAL

Note that, as for the logical OR, the order in which the terms are given is irrelevant.

The result of a logical AND may be an empty class, i.e. a class containing no elements. In this case no records are retrieved. In the example above, the empty class would be obtained if no record in the data base contained both the term ON-LINE SYSTEMS and the term INFORMATION RETRIEVAL.


Field level and proximity search operators

These operators are more restrictive types of the logical AND operator and are particularly useful for natural language searching.

The field level and proximity search operators are:

(G)	same field (all occurrences of a repeatable fields are treated as a single entity), for example:

water (G) soil	will retrieve all records with both water and soil provided that they occur in the same field;

(F)	same field or individual occurrence of a repeatable field, for example:

water (F) soil	will retrieve all records with both water and soil in the same field or the same occurrence of a repeatable field ((G) and (F) are equivalent when applied to non repeatable fields);

.	(period) as (F), but with the additional restriction that the terms are no more than n words apart, where n is the number of periods plus one. For example:

water . soil	adjacent

water . . soil	at most one word between water and soil

water . . . soil	at most two words between water and soil

$	as (F), but with the additional restriction that the terms are exactly n words apart, where n is the number of dollars plus one. For example:

water $ soil	adjacent

water $ $ soil	exactly one word between water and soil

water $ $ $ soil	exactly two words between water and soil

Note that the operators . and $ must be preceded and followed by one space.


Logical NOT

The logical NOT is the class exclusion operator. The result of a logical NOT between two classes is the class containing all the elements of the first class which do not also belong to the second class. Thus, if A and B are two terms, representing the two classes of documents indexed with terms A and B respectively, the logical NOT between A and B is the class of documents indexed with term A but not simultaneously with term B, as indicated schematically below: The symbol used to indicate the logical NOT operation is the not sign (^).

The logical NOT should be used with extreme caution, since it may easily result in the inadvertent loss of relevant material.

For example, a search request might concern documents about disadvantaged groups but excluding references to disadvantaged children. One might be tempted to formulate the query as follows:

DISADVANTAGED GROUP ^ DISADVANTAGED CHILDREN

It is quite possible, however, for a document on the subject to contain a section on disadvantaged children. This document would then be missed if one formulated the query as above.

Note further, that, unlike the logical OR and the logical AND, the logical NOT operation does not give the same results if the two operands are inverted. Thus, A ^ B is not the same as B ^ A (except in the particular case in which A and B represent the same class, in which case the result is the empty class).


Syntax of Search expressions

You may form complex search expressions by combining two or more search terms with the search operators described above.

As in normal algebra, you may use parentheses to alter the order of evaluation. In the evaluation of expressions the priority of the operators is as follows:

(highest)              $  and  .

    |                     (F)

    |                     (G)

    V                  *  and  ^

(lowest)                   +

If two or more operators of the same priority appear, within the same level of parentheses, in the same expression, they are executed from left to right. Thus, for example, to evaluate the following expression:

A + B * C

CDS/ISIS will first evaluate B * C and then evaluate the logical OR between A and (B * C). Whereas to evaluate the following:

(A + B) * C

it will first evaluate A + B and then the logical AND between (A + B) and C. You may nest parentheses, if required, as in the following example:

((A + B) * C + (D + E) + F) ^ G

In forming search expressions you must observe certain simple syntactical rules:

no two logical operators may be adjacent to each other, except for repeats of " . " and " $ " (which may not, however, be mixed together);

the parentheses used must be balanced, i.e. the number of open parentheses must be equal to the number of closed ones and each open parenthesis must have a matching closed one.


Operand qualifier

You may use a qualifier to specify the field or group of fields in which you want a terms to appear. This is particularly useful for data bases which may contain the same data in a number of different fields.

The qualifier has the following general formats:

search term/(t1,t2,t3, . . . )

where t1, t2, t3, . . . is the set of fields identifiers where you want the term to be searched.

Operand qualifiers can be used in conjunction with search operators to restrict the search to specified field(s) and can also be applied to a right-truncated search term or an ANY term. For example, consider a bibliographic data base where terms are generated, on a word by word basis, from all the fields. By simply ANDing it is possible to retrieve any records that contains the terms INTERNATIONAL, EXPERT and MEETING:

INTERNATIONAL * EXPERT * MEETING

However, the number of records that satisfy this query may be very large, as each word could appear in any of a number of fields, e.g. title, corporate body, subject, etc. By using the (F) operator:

INTERNATIONAL (F) EXPERT (F) MEETING

the number of records retrieved would be reduced, but you may still not be certain of the result, as the terms might appear in the summary, the title, the publisher, etc.

However, by adding the qualifier /(62):

INTERNATIONAL (F) EXPERT (F) MEETING/(62)

only those records having all the terms in the same occurrence of field 62 will be retrieved (note that, in this case, it is sufficient to qualify only one of the terms). When the operand is a right-truncated search term or an ANY term, CDS/ISIS will apply the qualifier to all members of the corresponding set. Thus for example:

ANY BENELUX COUNTRY/(64)

is equivalent to:

BELGIUM/(64) + NETHERLANDS/(64) + LUXEMBOURG/(64)


Developing a search strategy

The basic building block of a search formulation is a search expression. In response to a search expression CDS/ISIS will:

•	assign a unique number, called the set number, to the search expression you have just entered (provided it contains no syntactical errors).

•	display the number of postings for each term in the expression and the number of records retrieved.

If the search expression contains an ANY term, the postings of all search terms assigned to the ANY term as well as the aggregate posting value for the ANY term will be displayed. Similarly, if the search expression contains a right-truncated search term, all the postings of the individual search terms as well as the aggregate posting value for the truncated term will be displayed.

If you use a term which is not a valid search term, CDS/ISIS will set its posting value to zero and flag the term with the message:

** NOT FOUND **

As was mentioned above, CDS/ISIS assigns a unique number to each search expression. It also saves the records matching each search expression. In later search expressions you may refer to previously entered ones by simply using the set number assigned by CDS/ISIS preceded by a number sign (#).

This facility allows you to develop your search strategy step by step. Breaking the query into elements also allows you not only to check at each step the number of records retrieved, but also to display the retrieved records themselves, so that you may verify at any time the logical validity of the search formulation in terms of the relevance of the records retrieved.

Suppose, for example, that after displaying the records retrieved by the search expression ITALY + FRANCE) * ART you realized that some irrelevant records were retrieved because they dealt with the conservation of monuments. You could then modify the formulation by introducing the following search expression:

#1 ^ CONSERVATION OF MONUMENTS

A reference to a previously defined search expression is called a backward reference. Note that it is possible to apply a qualifier to a backward reference. For example,

#1/(64)

would select, from the records retrieved by search expression 1, only those in which the search expression was verified on field 64.

There are no fixed and established rules for formulating a search. You will develop your own habits as you gain experience in using CDS/ISIS. In general, an inexperienced person should not try to use complex search expressions immediately, but rather start with simple ones, which are then combined to produce the final search formulation. By referring again to the example above, the same search could have been formulated in 4 steps, as follows:

set number #1:           ART

set number #2:           ITALY + FRANCE

set number #3:           CONSERVATION OF MONUMENTS

set number #4:           #1 * #2 ^ #3


SYSPAR.PAR parameters
New SYSPAR.PAR parameters

Comments

Now the syspar.par accepts comments as sentences following a ";" sign. Example:

; Set default database

Default language

101=<LANGUAGE CODE>

You may specify the starting language using this parameter. <LANGUAGE> is a two-letter acronym name of the language, depending on the file name (e.g. EN=English, file name=msEN.mst, IT=Italian - file name=msIT.mst).

Default menu

102=<MENU>

You may specify the default menu using this parameter. This may be interesting to setup limited profiles of Winisis. <MENU> represent the last part of a menu filename (e.g. the complete English menu mnenDF.mst and the search-only featured menu msenSH.mst: the first is referenced as DF and the second as SH).

Search parameters

The following new parameters will affect the searching:

103=0	does not display search details

    1	displays a results window showing the progress of search execution

104=0	always shows the complete dictionary. However, when a field is selected search terms not occurring in that field are shown in lower case

    1	when a term is selected the dictionary window only shows terms occuriing in the selected field

105=0	does not automatically display the results of a search expression

    1	after execution of a search the results are automatically displayed.

Conversion tables

The following new parameters will affect the appearance:

106=filename

You may specify a conversion table that Winisis will use when reading the database instead of the normal OEM to ANSI conversion.

107=filename

You may specify a conversion table that Winisis will use when storing informations in the database instead the conventional ANSI to OEM conversion.

These tables must have 256 or less lines containing an unsigned 8-bit value for each line. (see Appendix A for examples)

Screen orientation

The following new parameters will affect the browsing:

108=0	Text in the DBASE window will be displayed in left to right orientation.

    1	Text in the DBASE window will be displayed in right to left orientation (for Arab countries)

Data entry

109=Font Name[,font size]

Here you may specify the font that will be initially displayed in the Data Entry Window. You can also specify the size of this font (by default it is 14 points). Example:

109=Arial Narrow	or

109=Old English Script,18	(here it specifies a 9 points size font)

You must use a Font Name used by your Windows. (Check a Word Processor or the Control Panel).

Formatting

110=Default RTF Header

You can set your own default RTF Header for all the formats coming from the DOS version. As written in the ISISRTF.WRI document, Winisis sets up a RTF string in case you don't provide one. By default such string is:

"{\rtf1\ansi{\fonttbl \f0\fnil Courier New; \f1\fswiss Arial; }

{\colortbl\red0\green0\blue0;;;}\cf0\f0\fs24 "

(Note that it is very important to leave a space after the last RTF keyword. The quotation marks have been introduced to show all the spaces but you mustn't write them.)

Winisis allows you to change this string if you want use your existing DOS formats in some different fonts (e.g. non-Latin fonts).

To change the RTF Header write a line like:

110={\rtf1\ansi{\fonttbl \f0\froman Times New Roman;}{\colortbl\red255\green0\blue0;}\fs24

and your DOS formats will be displayed in red Times New Roman characters.

Toolbars

The following new parameters configure the windows of Winisis:

120=0	does not display the TOOLBAR under the menus.

    1	displays a TOOLBAR containing some buttons giving fast access to the most used features of Winisis (default if absent).

121=0	does not display the HELPBAR for the toolbar's buttons (default if absent).

    1	displays a one line help for each toolbar button in a HELPBAR on the bottom of the main window.

Recently opened data bases

1001=Database Name

...

1005=Database Name

Here Winisis stores the last 5 databases you opened during previous sessions. These names will appear as options in the File Menu.


Open dialog box

The following dialog box is displayed each time you open a data base or a file:

File Name

Select or type the name of the file you want to open. This box lists files with the filename extension selected in the List Files of Type box.

List Files of Type

Select the type of file you want to see in the File Name list. The file type is automatically determined by CDS/ISIS depending on the particular operation you are performing, as follows:

*.mst; *.par	Open a data base;

*.iso	Import or Export operation.

*.wsv	Saved searches

*.wpr	Saved print worksheet

Drives

Select the drive that contains the file you want to open.

Directories

Select the directory that contains the file you want to open.


Search History Dialog box
Search history

The search history window, a sample of which is shown below, displays the list of all searches submitted so far.

To select a particular search click on the corresponding button. To cancel the operation click on the first button ( <-> ).


Import Dialog Box

Name of input ISO file

This field contains name of the file you are importing. The file must be in the standard ISO 2709 format as described in the CDS/ISIS Reference Manual.

First MFN to be assigned

If you specify this parameter CDS/ISIS will renumber sequentially each input record starting from the MFN you specify. Normally you will enter 1 if you use the Load option, and a number which is one higher than the highest currently assigned MFN in the data base if you use the Merge or Update options. In the latter case, however, if you specify an already assigned MFN, CDS/ISIS will automatically start numbering from the next MFN to be assigned in the data base (i.e. the Merge and Update options will behave in the same manner).

Tag containing MFN

Alternatively to the option above (which will be ignored if an Input tag is specified), you may assign the MFN from a field in the input record. In this case you specify here the ISO tag of the field containing the MFN. Note that the field must contain a numeric value and may only be used for this purpose, as it will not be stored in the records of the receiving data base.

Reformatting FST

This parameter is optional. If you leave it blank, the fields in the output record will retain their tag and contents. Alternatively, you may perform a certain amount of reformatting by providing the name of an FST.

The FST, when used as an import reformatting file is interpreted in the following manner:

•	each line of the FST represents an output field;

•	each output field is assigned a tag equal to the field identifier defined in the corresponding FST line;

•	the data extraction format given in the FST defines the contents of the field. In this format you must use the ISO tag of the fields as defined in the input file. Each line produced by the format (or each element, if the FST specifies indexing techniques 2, 3 or 4) will generate a new occurrence of the output field. Note that the stopword file of the :hp1.receiving:ehp1. data base, if present, will be used in processing indexing technique 4.

Assume for example that your input file contains the following fields:

100   Author (repeatable)

200   Title

300   Keywords (repeatable)

400   Notes

A reformatting FST for this file could be the following:

1 0 (v100/)      [output field 1 same as input field 100]

2 0 v200         [output field 2 same as input field 200]

3 0 |<|v300|>|   [output field 3 contains keywords

                  enclosed in <...>, each keyword taken

                  from one occurrence of input field 300]

Gizmo conversion table

This field may contain the name of a Gizmo conversion table to be used for import.

Note: this feature is not implemented in this version.

Options

This parameter indicates how the imported records are loaded into the data base:

Load: In this case the resulting data base will contain only the incoming records. Because this option erases any records which may already exist in the data base, CDS/ISIS will always request a confirmation that you actually intend to do so.

Merge: Merges the records in the input file with those already existing in the data base, if any. However, input records with the same MFN as an existing record are not replaced (unless they are marked for deletion). CDS/ISIS will display the MFN of such records, if any.

Update: The same as Merge except that records with the same MFN are automatically replaced.

Note that the Merge and Update options are functioning as described above only if you are importing the MFN of the records (i.e you have filled the Tag containing MFN field). If not CDS/ISIS will simply add the incoming records to the Master file and assign sequential MFNs starting from the highest MFN already assigned or from the MFN you have specified in the First MFN to be assigned field.


Gizmo conversion table

This facility is provided to facilitate interchange of text containing diacritical marks between different hardware and/or softawre platforms.

A gizmo conversion table is an ASCII text file, which you may create using any familiar text editor, and is defined as follows.

The first character of the first line contains the diacritical prefix (normally the @ sign for CDS/ISIS). Each subsequent line has the following format:

dxyxyxyxyxy....xy

where : d is the diacritical code (e.g. 7 for acute accent), x is the character to be accented, and y is the accented character.

A sample gizmo conversion table is given below:

    @
    6aàeè
    7aáeé
    (([
    ))]

CDS/ISIS uses this table to provide encoded diacriticals on export (e.g. é will be converted to @7e), and to decode encoded diacriticals on import (e.g. @6a will be converted to à).

When a Gizmo conversion table is used for import, CDS/ISIS will simply strip the diacritical for all those characters not listed in the table CDS/ISIS will strip the mark. For example, using the table given above, the input string @7e. will be converted to é, whereas the string @7y will be converted to y, because y is not listed in line 7.


Export Dialog Box

Name of output ISO file

This field contains the name of the output file you have previously selected. The file will be in the standard ISO 2709 format as described in the CDS/ISIS Reference Manual.

Field separator

This field defines the field separator character to be used in the ouput file. If you leave it empty, CDS/ISIS will use the standard field separator defined in ISO 2709, i.e. the ASCII character 30 (hexadecimal 1E). However, if the file to be exported is transmitted over a telecommunication line, this character may be deleted by the communication software. Therefore, CDS/ISIS allows you to redefine the field separator as a normal ASCII character which will pass through. Note that the character you select must be such that it is never used as a data character in the data base to be transmitted.

To allow you to specify any ASCII character as field separator, Winisis introduces the following notation:

\xxx

where xxx represents the corresponding ASCII number of your desired character.

For example: to specify as field separator the ASCII character number 255, you must enter: \255 in the field separator box.

Record separator

This field defines the record separator character to be used in the ouput file. If you leave it empty, CDS/ISIS will use the standard field separator defined in ISO 2709, i.e. the ASCII character 29 (hexadecimal 1D). However, if the file to be exported is transmitted over a telecommunication line, this character may be deleted by the communication software. Therefore, CDS/ISIS allows you to redefine the record separator as a normal ASCII character which will pass through. Note that the character you select must be such that it is never used as a data character in the data base to be transmitted.

To allow you to specify any ASCII character as record separator, Winisis introduces the following notation:

\xxx

where xxx represents the corresponding ASCII number of your desired character.

For example: to specify as record separator the ASCII character number 255, you must enter: \255 in the record separator box.

Selection parameters

You may selectively export only portions of the data base. To define the records to be exported you have two possibilities: use an MFN range or the results of the last search submitted.

You may select records by giving a range of MFN. In this case enter the lowest and the highest MFN to be selected in the From MFN and to MFN boxes respectively.

Note that if you check the Search results option the MFN limits will be applied only to the selected records. For example, if the last search retrieved records 3, 5, 150 and 270, and the MFN limits are 10/200, only record 150 will be exported.

Reformatting FST

This parameter is optional. If you leave it blank, the fields in the output record will retain their tag and contents. Alternatively, you may perform a certain amount of reformatting by providing the name of an FST.

When used as an export reformatting file, the FST is interpreted in the following manner:

•	each line of the FST represents an output field;

•	each output field is assigned an ISO tag equal to the field identifier defined in the corresponding FST line;

•	the data extraction format given in the FST defines the contents of the field. In this format you must use the CDS/ISIS tag of the fields as defined for the data base. Each line produced by the format (or each element, if the FST specifies indexing techniques 2, 3 or 4) will generate a new occurrence of the output field.

Assume for example that your data base contains the following fields:

1  Author (repeatable)

2  Title

3  Keywords (repeatable)

4  Notes

A reformatting FST for this file could be the following:

1 0 mfn         [output field 1 contains the MFN]

100 0 (v1/)     [output field 100 same as input field 1(note the use of

                a repeatable group in the format to output each

                occurrence of field 1 as a separate line)]

200 0 v2        [output field 200 same as input field 2]

300 0 |<|v3|>|  [output field 300 contains keywords enclosed in <...>,

                each keyword taken from one occurrence of input field 3]

Note that, as none of the formats references field 4, this field will not be exported. You may therefore use a reformatting FST to only export selected fields.

Renumber records from MFN

You may reassign an MFN to output records starting from a value of your choice which you enter here. If you leave this field blank the output records retain their original MFN.

This option only affects the output ISO file. The records in the data base remain unchanged. Note, however, that this option is only effective if you are exporting the MFN by filling in the field Output Tag containing MFN below.

Output Tag containing MFN

You may export the MFN as a field in the output file by assigning here an output tag. This is because the MFN does not correspond to an actual field of the data base (it has no tag and is not defined in the FDT).

You may also export the MFN as a field by means of a reformatting FST, as shown in the example above.

Gizmo conversion table

This field may contain the name of a Gizmo conversion table to be used for export.

Note: this feature is not implemented in this version.


Inverted File Maintenance Dialog Box

Update

This option updates the Inverted file for all Master records for which an update is pending, i.e. records added, deleted or modified since the last Inverted file update.

Full Inverted File Generation

This option generates the Inverted file of a given data base. Normally you will not use this option unless it is required. For example, whenever you want to change the contents of the Inverted file, by changing the Inverted file FST you must re-generate the Inverted file. Failing this you will introduce an inconsistency in the data base because the records added or modified after changing the FST will be inverted differently from those created before the change.

Note, however, that there are some cases which do not require a full re-inversion, even though the FST is changed. Suppose, for example, that you decide to add a new field to your data base. This requires a change in the FDT and may require a change in the FST if you also want the new field to be searchable. None of the records in the data base, however, contain yet this field and therefore a full inversion would not be required in this case, provided, of course, that you change the FST before modifying or adding any record containing the new field.

The Inverted file generation process consists of three steps:

•	Creation of the Link files;

•	Sorting the Link files; and

•	Loading the sorted Link files into the Inverted file.

The link files contain all the information necessary to generate the Inverted file and are created according to the Inverted file FST defined for the data base. They contain one entry for each couple search term/posting to be stored on the Inverted file. For efficiency, two link files are actually created: one containing terms up to 10 characters long and one terms longer than 10 characters. The second step sorts the Link files into alphabetical order. The purpose of this sort is to collect together all postings related to a given search term, in preparation of the last step which loads the sorted Link files into the Inverted file.

These three steps may also be executed one at the time by using the options Create link files, Sort link files and Load link files in this order.

This facility is provided for large data bases where the full Inverted file generation may require a relatively long time, and considerable disk space. Note that, in this case, you must not make any change to the Master file (adding, modifying or deleting any record) until the last step has been executed.

You should be aware that CDS/ISIS does not automatically delete the Link files (.LN1, .LN2., .LK1 and .LK2).

You may delete them manually at any time, after the Inverted file generation is completed, or, if you perform the inverted file generation in three steps, you may delete the unsorted Link files (.LN1 and .LN2) after executing the Sort link files option and before executing the Load link files option.

CDS/ISIS will keep you informed of the step it is executing by display appropriate information messages on the screen..

Re-initialization of Inverted File

This option erases the contents of the Inverted File and re-allocates all the associated files to a minimum size. You may want to use this option before re-generating the Inverted File.

Create link files

This option generates the Link files as explained above.

Sort link files

This option sorts the Link files produced by the Create link files option. The sorted Link files may then be loaded using the Load link files option.

The process of sorting each link file (short and long terms) is the same. During the first step, called phase 0, the link file records are sorted in groups as large as can fit in memory. If the whole link file can fit in memory, then the sort is finished after phase 0. Otherwise the sorted groups are distributed on four temporary work files and then merged. Depending on the number of records, there may be one or more merge steps, called phase 1, 2 , etc., each step producing larger and larger groups of sorted records, until a single group is obtained.

Load link files

This option creates the Inverted file from the sorted link files. It can be used after option Sort link files to complete the Inverted file generation.

From MFN ... to MFN

You may enter in these fields a range of MFNs to be inverted. You would normally only use this feature to test your inverted file FST.

If you enter an actual range only the indicated records will be inverted, and will therefore be searchable.


Global Add Dialog Box

MFN range (from/to)

If you have selected the Global Add (Range) option enter here the lowest and highest MFN of the records to which the operation must be applied. For example: 1/20.

If you have selected the Global Add (Search) option, CDS/ISIS will enter in this field the Search number you have selected.

Field Tag

Enter here the tag of the field to be added.

Field Contents

Enter here the contents of the field to be added.

OK Button

Press this button to start the operation.

Cancel Button

Press this button to cancel the operation.


Global Delete Dialog Box

MFN range (from/to)

If you have selected the Global Delete (Range) option enter here the lowest and highest MFN of the records to which the operation must be applied. For example: 1/20.

If you have selected the Global Delete (Search) option, CDS/ISIS will enter in this field the Search number you have selected.

Field Tag

Enter here the tag of the field to be deleted.

OK Button

Press this button to start the operation.

Cancel Button

Press this button to cancel the operation.


Print Dialog Box

⇒	Click on any page tab of the window shown above to view the other pages of the Print Dialog box.

The Print Dialog box consists of 5 pages:

General	where you choose what and where to print and the print format you want to use;

Presentation	where you define titles, headers and footers for your document;

Margins	where you define the page printable area;

Layout	where you define the page layout of your document, such as page numbers and number of columns;

Sorting	where you define sorting criteria.

Page 1: General

Print What

Current Browse Set	Select this option if you want to print the record set you were browsing before entering the print dialog. If you were browsing a Search result (called also a Search Set), you can choose to print only the records you marked, if any, by selecting the option Marked records Only.

Save File	This features is not available in this release.

MFN Range	Here you can type the range(s) of records you are interested to print. Ranges must be in the form:

n	prints only this record

-n	prints all records form first up to this one

n-	prints all records from this one up to the 	maximum MFN

n-m	prints all records from MFN n to MFN m

You can concatenate ranges using commas, i.e.:

-10,15,20-30,50-

will print the first 10 records, the 15th, records from 20 to 30 and all records over MFN 50 (included).

Output To

After you've chosen what to print, you have to choose the output device. CDS/ISIS gives you the following options:

Printer	The output will be printed on the current Windows default printer.

Postscript File	The output will be stored in a file called output.prn in the Isis work directory (as specified in parameter 5 of syspar.par).

RTF File	- not implemented yet -

ASCII File	- not implemented yet -

Print Format

In this section you may choose an appropriate print format by selecting one of the pre-defined print formats. The check box Pre-defined format is to let you know if the print format showed below really corresponds to the print format name in the combo box. This is because this version of CDS/ISIS lets you modify existing print format shortly before printing. After that, you can decide if you want to save the modified format by pushing the Save button.

Recall Button

Press this button to retrieve a previously saved print worksheet.

Save Button

Press this button to save the current print worksheet settings.

Preview Button

Press this button to preview the first page of your document before it is printed.


Print Dialog box - Presentation
Page 2: PRESENTATION

⇒	Click on any page tab of the window shown above to view the other pages of the Print Dialog box.

Use this page when you want your document to have titles, headers and footers. At the top of the page a combo box shows the object currently being edited (the text is actually entered in the edit at the bottom of the window). You may define and edit any of the following:

First title

Second title

Third title

Header

Footer

For each title you decide to add to your document, you can choose:

To keep the title on all the pages	This is available only for the three titles.

The title's text alignment	You can choose between: Left-aligned, Centered, Right-aligned.

The title's font	Choose the font for the current title using this combo box.

The title's font size	Choose the font size using this combo box or by typing in the desired size.

The character style	You can choose your title to be Italic, Bold or Underlined or any combination of these.

Frame around the text	Not implemented yet.


Print Dialog box - Margins
Page 3: MARGINS

⇒	Click on any page tab of the window shown above to view the other pages of the Print Dialog box.

In this page you can define the margins to be used in your output and other related parameters.

Margins

The margins you can define are listed below:

Top:	spacing from the top of the page to the first line printed;

Bottom:	spacing from the bottom of the page to the last line printed;

Inside	left margin

Outside 	right margin

Gutter 	extra space to be added to the inside margin of a document you plan to bind

Measurement Unit

Defines the measurement unit used for the various margins. You can choose one of the following: Millimeters, Centimeters, Inches, Twips.

Paper Size

Defines the Paper Size to be used.

Data Indention

This parameter should normally be specified when you use headings. It indicates the indentation of each level of heading with respect to the one of a higher level and of the records with respect to the last level heading.

EOC (End of Column) tolerance

This parameter indicates the minimum number of lines which must be available on the current column (or page) before printing a record.


Print Dialog box - Layout
Page 4: LAYOUT

⇒	Click on any page tab of the window shown above to view the other pages of the Print Dialog box.

Number of Columns

Number of columns per page (1 - 6).

Columns Spacing

Space between columns (using the current selected measurement unit)

No Decorations

No additional decorations (such as vertical lines or borders) will be printed on columns.

Line Beetween

CDS/ISIS will draw a line between each column.

Border

CDS/ISIS will draw a border around each column.

Print Page Numbers

Select this check box if you want CDS/ISIS to print page numbers.

Number on first page

You may decide if you like numbers to be printed also on the first page. The first page is not the cover page (if you are using some cover titles)

Position

Choose if you prefere numbers to appear on the top or on the bottom of the page.

Alignment

Choose Left, Centered, Right, Inside, or Outside.

Start from

First  page number to be used.

Apply Zoom

This Zoom value (50-120%) will affect the print format appearance so you will be able to fit more (or less) records on a single page with no changes on your print format.

Don't use titles

Tells CDS/ISIS to ignore any information in the Presentation page.

Don't use sorting

Tells CDS/ISIS to ignore the Sort page.


Print Dialog box - Sorting
Page 5: SORTING

⇒	Click on any page tab of the window shown above to view the other pages of the Print Dialog box.

This page is exactly equivalent to the DOS version (as described in the CDS/ISIS Reference Manual) except for a check box beside each FST Key field. This check box tells CDS/ISIS to consider (if selected) or ignore (if not) the related sort key.


Postings

A list of references linking a search term to all the records in which it occurs


Dictionary

The list of all search terms which can be used for searching a given data base. The dictionary is displayed in the Dictionary window.


MFN

This field contains the current MFN number. Clicking on this field allows you to display a particular record by typing the desired MFN number and then pressing the Enter key.


First record

Display the first record. If you are displaying a search result the first record matching the search expression is displayed. If you are browsing the data base sequentially, the first data base record is displayed.


Previous record

Display the previous record. If you are displaying a search result the previous record (if any) matching the search expression is displayed.


Next record

Display the next record. If you are displaying a search result the next record (if any) matching the search expression is displayed.


Last record

Display the last record. If you are displaying a search result you'll go to the last record matching the search expression. If you are browsing the data base sequentially, the last data base record is displayed.


Format selection

This field shows which format is currently in use. You can change the display format by first clicking on the field, which will pull down the list of display formats available, and then selecting a new display format. (The list of display formats is read from the FDT of the data base).


Mark

This feature is available only when displaying a search result. By pressing this button you can mark or unmark the current record (a "V" appears in the button when marked). After marking, you can display the currently marked records by choosing the Marked Records option from the Browse menu.


Record Status

This field displays the status of the current record. The status is not displayed when the record is in a normal state. When displaying a search result, a string like the following is displayed:

Search #5: [1/10]

In this example you are displaying the first of the 10 records found in the 5-th search expression you have submitted.


Max MFN.

Displays the maximum master file number for the current database.


Display area

This is where the current record is displayed using the currently selected format.


Create new record

Press this button to create a new record using the current worksheet. To add a field to the newly created record, press the corresponding field button.


Copy record

Press this button to copy the current record into a new record. The newly created record will be assigned the next MFN available.


Update record

Press this button to update the record, i.e. to store all the changes made.


Help

Press this button to display the topic of the ISIS help file relevant to the active window.


Change font

Press this button to change the font used in the field edit box.


Worksheet selection

This field shows which data entry worksheet is currently in use. You can change the worksheet by first clicking on the field, which will pull down the list of worksheets available, and then selecting a new one. (The list of worksheets is read from the FDT of the data base).


Add field

This combo box shows the list of fields defined in the current worksheet. To add a new field to the record, first click here to display the list, and then select the field to be added.


Cancel

Press this button to ignore all the changes you have made to the current record. The record will be redisplayed in its original status.


Field edit box

This is where the field being edited is displayed. You may change the size of this box by dragging up or down the bar at the bottom of the box. You may also change the font used to display the field by clicking on the A button of the tool bar.


Field buttons

These buttons display the contents of the record (one button per field and occurrence). Clicking on one button will bring the corresponding field in the edit box, where it can then be modified.


Occurrence number

These boxes show the occurrence number of the corresponding field.


Field name

The name of the field as defined in the current worksheet.


Add occurrence

Push this button to add a new occurrence of a repeatable field.


Help message

This area displays the help message (if any) associated with the currently selected field.


Search operators

These buttons show all the available search operators. Clicking on one of them will insert the corresponding operator in the search expression. Note that the . and $ operators may be clicked more than once.


ANY terms

Push this button to display the list of available ANY terms, from which you can then select the desired one to be inserted in the search expression.


Search expression

This box contains the search expression. You may type or edit its contents as desired.


Cancel

Cancels the search operation and reverts to the data base window.


Execute search

Push this button to start the execution of the search expression.


Clear search

Clear the search expression.


Search history

This window contains the list of the search expressions which have been executed. For each expression it gives the set number, the data base name, the number of hits and the search expression. A new element is added to this list each time a search expression is executed.

Double clicking on an element of this list will display the corresponding results in the data base window.

A single click will normally insert the set number in the Search expression box. However if the selected element corresponds to a search done on a different data base the search expression itself is copied. You may also copy a search expression (rather than the set number) to the Search expression box by dragging the element from the Search history list and dropping it in the Search expression box.


Display results

Push this button to display the results of the last search executed.


Search number

This box contains the search number of the last search executed.


Number of hits

This box contains the number of records retrieved by the last search executed.


Previous search

When one or more previous searches have been made, you may select one from the Previous search list and connect it with a new set of search elements.


Searchable fields

Four text boxes (Search elements) are provided where you may type a search term. Each search elements may be associated with a particular field by selecting the appropriate one from the corresponding Searchable fields list. Search elements may be linked with one of the three search operators AND, OR, or NOT, by selecting one from the corresponding Operators list.


Search element

Four text boxes (Search elements) are provided where you may type a search term. Each search elements may be associated with a particular field by selecting the appropriate one from the corresponding Searchable fields list. Search elements may be linked with one of the three search operators AND, OR, or NOT, by selecting one from the corresponding Operators list.


Search operators

Four text boxes (Search elements) are provided where you may type a search term. Each search elements may be associated with a particular field by selecting the appropriate one from the corresponding Searchable fields list. Search elements may be linked with one of the three search operators AND, OR, or NOT, by selecting one from the corresponding Operators list.


Search expression

This box contains the actual search expression (in the CDS/ISIS Search language) resulting from the selections you made.


Dictionary

Press this button to display the Dictionary window.


Dictionary term

This box shows the current dictionary term. You may type here one or more characters to position the dictionary list at a particular term. For example, typing F in this field will display the first term beginning with F.


Dictionary

This area displays the dictionary terms. Each term is preceded by a number indicating the number of postings (i.e. the number of times the term occurs in the data base).


Previous page

Display the previous page. Note, however, that backpaging will go no further than the term from which you started forward paging.


Next page

Display the next page.


Open data base

This button opens a data base. It has the same effect as selecting the Open option of the Data base menu.


ASCII mode

You can change the format in which the information will be stored on the Windows Clipboard. Clicking this button sets the format to ASCII.


RTF mode

You can change the format in which the information will be stored on the Windows Clipboard. Clicking this button sets the format to to RTF.


Clear Clipboard

Use this button to clear the contents of the Windows Clipboard.


Copy to Clipboard

Use this button when you want to copy the current displayed record into the Windows Clipboard. Note that you can concatenate more than one record. If the RTF mode is set, you'll obtain an RTF document containing all the records you have copied into the Clipboard.


Search

Opens the Search window for the current CDS/ISIS database, and allows you to retrieve information from that database.


Print

This option allow you to print the output of a given query and/or to print a selected range of records. You may sort the records by virtually any combination of fields and subfields.The field(s) by which the records are sorted may be used as headings in printing. When you select this option CDS/ISIS displays the Print Dialog Box where you will be asked to provide the specific sorting and page layout parameters you require for that particular print run.


Split dispaly

Splits the data base window into two parts: the first displaying the record (according to the currently selected format) and the second part displaying either the current format or the current record in ASCII.


Toggle display mode

In a split display, toggles the second part of the window to display either the current format or an ASCII view of the current record.